What is a chord?
It is a set of notes in the same scale played together which harmonizes a single note.
For e.g. Amajor chord contains the notes of Amaj scale. But when played together it sounds similar to the note A.
These are some of the basic chords that you may play as open chords (without bar).
Amajor Aminor A#/Bbmajor Bmajor
e------0---------------0-------------------1------------------2-------
B------2---------------1-------------------3-----------------4-------
G------2---------------2-------------------3-----------------4-------
D------2---------------2-------------------3-----------------4-------
A------0---------------0-------------------1-----------------2-------
E------x---------------x-------------------1-----------------2-------
Cmajor Dmajor Dminor
--------0-----------------2-----------------1-------
--------1-----------------3-----------------3--------
--------0-----------------2-----------------2--------
--------2-----------------0-----------------0--------
--------3-----------------x-----------------x---------
--------3-----------------x-----------------x---------
Emajor Eminor Fmajor Gmajor
e -----0---------------0------------1---------------3-------
B-----0---------------0------------1---------------3-------
G-----1---------------0------------2---------------0-------
D-----2---------------2------------3---------------0-------
A-----2---------------2------------3---------------2-------
E-----0---------------0------------1---------------3--------
These are the chords that can be played by using open strings.
Bar chords:
To understand the theory of bar chords you must be well versed with the notes on your fret-board. Most of the times knowing the right note helps a lot to figure out the chord being played. This is the basic part of music theory. The order of notes is same for any kind of instrument.
#- Sharp note
b- Flat note
Keeping in mind this fret-board chart will help a lot while playing the chords as well as while playing the scales.
You must as well know “What is a bar?”
When all the 6 strings on a specified fret are held together such that individual notes sound is called a bar. Remember, holding a bar is the hardest part of a Bar chord. Before trying to play the whole chord you must practice holding the bar for a long time. It is very important that the individual notes of a bar must clearly sound when the bar is played.
Mostly the bar chords are played in two shapes:
1-E shape (Includes Emajor and Eminor shapes)
2-A shape (Includes Amajor and Aminor shapes)
E shape
In this shape both major as well as minor chords can be played. The only thing you have to remember are the chord shapes of Emajor and Eminor chords, the way they are played on open strings. The major chords being played are similar to the shape of Emajor chord, while the minor chords are similar to the Eminor chord shape.
Emajor Fmajor F#/Gbmajor Gmajor G#/Abmajor
e ------0---------------1------ -------2---------------3--------------4------
B------0---------------1--------------2---------------3--------------4------
G------1---------------2--------------3---------------4--------------5------
D------2---------------3--------------4-------- ------5--------------6------
A------2---------------3--------------4---------------5--------------6------
E------0---------------1--------------2---------------3--------------4------
The notes that are in red are the notes of Emajor chord shape. The chord progresses with the base note that is present on the 6th string.
For e.g. in case of Fmajor chord the main note of the chord i.e. F is present on three frets used in the chord (1st fret on E string, 3rd fret on D string and 1st fret on e string). The other notes are C (higher as well as lower) and A.
Try to see the pattern that is same in both the chords. This totally resembles the Emajor chord shape. But actually the thing that is more important and needs more attention is that with every chord only the base note present on the 6th string is changing (rather increasing) while the shape remains the same.
Using this you can actually play all the chords progressions on the fret-board.
Minor chords in E-minor shape:
Eminor Fminor F#/Gbminor Gminor G#/Abminor
e -------0--------------1--------------2--------------3--------------4------
B-------0--------------1--------------2--------------3--------------4------
G-------0--------------1--------------2--------------3--------------4------
D-------2--------------3--------------4--------------5--------------6------
A-------2--------------3--------------4--------------5--------------6------
E-------0--------------1--------------2--------------3--------------4------
Similar to the E-minor shape, the notes in red represent the E-minor chord shape. And in a similar way to the major chords you can proceed down the fret-board increasing the bass note to get the higher chords.
A shape
In this shape both major as well as minor chords can be played. The only thing you have to remember are the chord shapes of Amajor and Aminor chords, the way they are played on open strings. The major chords being played are similar to the shape of Amajor chord, while the minor chords are similar to the Aminor chord shape.
Amajor A#/Bbmajor Bmajor Cmajor C#/Dbmajor
e -------0------------1--------------2----------------3----------------4---------
B-------2------------3--------------4----------------5----------------6---------
G-------2------------3--------------4----------------5----------------6---------
D-------2------------3--------------4----------------5----------------6---------
A-------0------------1--------------2----------------3----------------4---------
E--------x------------x--------------x----------------x----------------x---------
The notes in red are similar to the Amajor chord shape. The bass note is present on the A string (5th). In a similar way to that of the E shape chords you can increase the chords just by increasing the bass note.
Minor chords in A shape:
Aminor A#/Bbminor Bminor Cminor C#/Dbminor
e --------0----------------1------------------2----------------3---------------4----------------------
B--------1----------------2------------------3----------------4---------------5---------------------
G--------2----------------3------------------4----------------5---------------6---------------------
D--------2----------------3------------------4----------------5---------------6---------------------
A--------0----------------1------------------2----------------3---------------4---------------------
E---------x----------------x------------------x----------------x---------------x---------------------
Nonetheless to repeat the bass note theory as it applies even in this case.
Note: In the A shaped bar chords the last string notes are shown with a symbol ‘x’. That actually means don’t care. It does not matter if the fret sounds while you strum the chord. But, while holding the bar you cannot do it without holding the 6th string. So, while strumming these chords you have to strum only 5 strings.
This lesson comprises only of the bar chords played in the E & A shape. This makes up the basic of the chords that you use in most of the songs.